LiquidAI/LFM2.5-350M
library_name: transformers license: other license_name: lfm1.0 license_link: LICENSE language:
- en
- ar
- zh
- fr
- de
- ja
- ko
- es
- pt pipeline_tag: text-generation tags:
- liquid
- lfm2.5
- edge base_model: LiquidAI/LFM2.5-350M-Base
<div align="center"> <img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/61b8e2ba285851687028d395/2b08LKpev0DNEk6DlnWkY.png" alt="Liquid AI" style="width: 100%; max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;" /> <div style="display: flex; justify-content: center; gap: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 1em;"> <a href="https://playground.liquid.ai/"><strong>Try LFM</strong></a> • <a href="https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/getting-started/welcome"><strong>Docs</strong></a> • <a href="https://leap.liquid.ai/"><strong>LEAP</strong></a> • <a href="https://discord.com/invite/liquid-ai"><strong>Discord</strong></a> </div> </div>
LFM2.5-350M
LFM2.5 is a new family of hybrid models designed for on-device deployment. It builds on the LFM2 architecture with extended pre-training and reinforcement learning.
- Best-in-class performance: A 350M model rivaling much larger models, bringing high-quality AI to your pocket.
- Fast edge inference: 313 tok/s decode on AMD CPU, 188 tok/s on Snapdragon Gen4. Runs under 1GB of memory with day-one support for llama.cpp, MLX, and vLLM.
- Scaled training: Extended pre-training from 10T to 28T tokens and large-scale multi-stage reinforcement learning.
Find more information about LFM2.5-350M in our blog post.
[!NOTE] 💻 Demo: https://huggingface.co/spaces/webml-community/lfm2.5-webgpu-summarizer

🗒️ Model Details
| Model | Parameters | Description | |-------|------------|-------------| | LFM2.5-350M-Base | 350M | Pre-trained base model for fine-tuning | | LFM2.5-350M | 350M | General-purpose instruction-tuned model |
LFM2.5-350M is a general-purpose text-only model with the following features:
- Number of parameters: 350M
- Number of layers: 16 (10 double-gated LIV convolution blocks + 6 GQA blocks)
- Training budget: 28T tokens
- Context length: 32,768 tokens
- Vocabulary size: 65,536
- Knowledge cutoff: Mid-2024
- Languages: English, Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Spanish
- Generation parameters:
temperature: 0.1top_k: 50repetition_penalty: 1.05
| Model | Description | |-------|-------------| | LFM2.5-350M | Original model checkpoint in native format. Best for fine-tuning or inference with Transformers and vLLM. | | LFM2.5-350M-GGUF | Quantized format for llama.cpp and compatible tools. Optimized for CPU inference and local deployment with reduced memory usage. | | LFM2.5-350M-ONNX | ONNX Runtime format for cross-platform deployment. Enables hardware-accelerated inference across diverse environments (cloud, edge, mobile). | | LFM2.5-350M-MLX | MLX format for Apple Silicon. Optimized for fast inference on Mac devices using the MLX framework. |
We recommend using it for data extraction, structured outputs, and tool use. It is not recommended for knowledge-intensive tasks and programming.
Chat Template
LFM2.5 uses a ChatML-like format. See the Chat Template documentation for details. Example:
<|startoftext|><|im_start|>system
You are a helpful assistant trained by Liquid AI.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
What is C. elegans?<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
You can use tokenizer.apply_chat_template() to format your messages automatically.
Tool Use
LFM2.5 supports function calling as follows:
- Function definition: We recommend providing the list of tools as a JSON object in the system prompt. You can also use the
tokenizer.apply_chat_template()function with tools. - Function call: By default, LFM2.5 writes Pythonic function calls (a Python list between
<|tool_call_start|>and<|tool_call_end|>special tokens), as the assistant answer. You can override this behavior by asking the model to output JSON function calls in the system prompt. - Function execution: The function call is executed, and the result is returned as a "tool" role.
- Final answer: LFM2 interprets the outcome of the function call to address the original user prompt in plain text.
See the Tool Use documentation for the full guide. Example:
<|startoftext|><|im_start|>system
List of tools: [{"name": "get_candidate_status", "description": "Retrieves the current status of a candidate in the recruitment process", "parameters": {"type": "object", "properties": {"candidate_id": {"type": "string", "description": "Unique identifier for the candidate"}}, "required": ["candidate_id"]}}]<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
What is the current status of candidate ID 12345?<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
<|tool_call_start|>[get_candidate_status(candidate_id="12345")]<|tool_call_end|>Checking the current status of candidate ID 12345.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>tool
[{"candidate_id": "12345", "status": "Interview Scheduled", "position": "Clinical Research Associate", "date": "2023-11-20"}]<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The candidate with ID 12345 is currently in the "Interview Scheduled" stage for the position of Clinical Research Associate, with an interview date set for 2023-11-20.<|im_end|>
🏃 Inference
LFM2.5 is supported by many inference frameworks. See the Inference documentation for the full list.
| Name | Description | Docs | Notebook | |------|-------------|------|:--------:| | Transformers | Simple inference with direct access to model internals. | <a href="https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/inference/transformers">Link</a> | <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1_q3jQ6LtyiuPzFZv7Vw8xSfPU5FwkKZY?usp=sharing"><img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/61b8e2ba285851687028d395/vlOyMEjwHa_b_LXysEu2E.png" width="110" alt="Colab link"></a> | | vLLM | High-throughput production deployments with GPU. | <a href="https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/inference/vllm">Link</a> | <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1VfyscuHP8A3we_YpnzuabYJzr5ju0Mit?usp=sharing"><img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/61b8e2ba285851687028d395/vlOyMEjwHa_b_LXysEu2E.png" width="110" alt="Colab link"></a> | | llama.cpp | Cross-platform inference with CPU offloading. | <a href="https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/inference/llama-cpp">Link</a> | <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1ohLl3w47OQZA4ELo46i5E4Z6oGWBAyo8?usp=sharing"><img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/61b8e2ba285851687028d395/vlOyMEjwHa_b_LXysEu2E.png" width="110" alt="Colab link"></a> | | MLX | Apple's machine learning framework optimized for Apple Silicon. | <a href="https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/inference/mlx">Link</a> | — | | LM Studio | Desktop application for running LLMs locally. | <a href="https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/inference/lm-studio">Link</a> | — |
Here's a quick start example with Transformers:
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer, TextStreamer
model_id = "LiquidAI/LFM2.5-350M"
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
model_id,
device_map="auto",
dtype="bfloat16",
# attn_implementation="flash_attention_2" <- uncomment on compatible GPU
)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
streamer = TextStreamer(tokenizer, skip_prompt=True, skip_special_tokens=True)
prompt = "What is C. elegans?"
input_ids = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
[{"role": "user", "content": prompt}],
add_generation_prompt=True,
return_tensors="pt",
tokenize=True,
).to(model.device)
output = model.generate(
input_ids,
do_sample=True,
temperature=0.1,
top_k=50,
repetition_penalty=1.05,
max_new_tokens=512,
streamer=streamer,
)
🔧 Fine-Tuning
We recommend fine-tuning LFM2.5 for your specific use case to achieve the best results.
| Name | Description | Docs | Notebook | |------|-------------|------|----------| | CPT (Unsloth) | Continued Pre-Training using Unsloth for text completion. | <a href="https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/fine-tuning/unsloth">Link</a> | <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/10fm7eNMezs-DSn36mF7vAsNYlOsx9YZO?usp=sharing"><img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/61b8e2ba285851687028d395/vlOyMEjwHa_b_LXysEu2E.png" width="110" alt="Colab link"></a> | | CPT (Unsloth) | Continued Pre-Training using Unsloth for translation. | <a href="https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/fine-tuning/unsloth">Link</a> | <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1gaP8yTle2_v35Um8Gpu9239fqbU7UgY8?usp=sharing"><img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/61b8e2ba285851687028d395/vlOyMEjwHa_b_LXysEu2E.png" width="110" alt="Colab link"></a> | | SFT (Unsloth) | Supervised Fine-Tuning with LoRA using Unsloth. | <a href="https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/fine-tuning/unsloth">Link</a> | <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1vGRg4ksRj__6OLvXkHhvji_Pamv801Ss?usp=sharing"><img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/61b8e2ba285851687028d395/vlOyMEjwHa_b_LXysEu2E.png" width="110" alt="Colab link"></a> | | SFT (TRL) | Supervised Fine-Tuning with LoRA using TRL. | <a href="https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/fine-tuning/trl">Link</a> | <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1j5Hk_SyBb2soUsuhU0eIEA9GwLNRnElF?usp=sharing"><img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/61b8e2ba285851687028d395/vlOyMEjwHa_b_LXysEu2E.png" width="110" alt="Colab link"></a> | | DPO (TRL) | Direct Preference Optimization with LoRA using TRL. | <a href="https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/fine-tuning/trl">Link</a> | <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1MQdsPxFHeZweGsNx4RH7Ia8lG8PiGE1t?usp=sharing"><img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/61b8e2ba285851687028d395/vlOyMEjwHa_b_LXysEu2E.png" width="110" alt="Colab link"></a> | | GRPO (Unsloth) | GRPO with LoRA using Unsloth. | <a href="https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/fine-tuning/unsloth">Link</a> | <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1mIikXFaGvcW4vXOZXLbVTxfBRw_XsXa5?usp=sharing"><img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/61b8e2ba285851687028d395/vlOyMEjwHa_b_LXysEu2E.png" width="110" alt="Colab link"></a> | | GRPO (TRL) | GRPO with LoRA using TRL. | <a href="https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/fine-tuning/trl">Link</a> | <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/github/Liquid4All/cookbook/blob/main/finetuning/notebooks/grpo_for_verifiable_tasks.ipynb"><img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/61b8e2ba285851687028d395/vlOyMEjwHa_b_LXysEu2E.png" width="110" alt="Colab link"></a> |
📊 Performance
Benchmarks
| Model | GPQA Diamond | MMLU-Pro | IFEval | IFBench | Multi-IF | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | LFM2.5-350M | 30.64 | 20.01 | 76.96 | 40.69 | 44.92 | | LFM2-350M | 27.58 | 19.29 | 64.96 | 18.20 | 32.92 | | Granite 4.0-H-350M | 22.32 | 13.14 | 61.27 | 17.22 | 28.70 | | Granite 4.0-350M | 25.91 | 12.84 | 53.48 | 15.98 | 24.21 | | Qwen3.5-0.8B (Instruct) | 27.41 | 37.42 | 59.94 | 22.87 | 41.68 | | Qwen3.5-0.8B (Thinking) | 19.29 | -* | 32.93 | 22.00 | 26.44 | | Gemma 3 1B IT | 23.89 | 14.04 | 63.49 | 20.33 | 44.25 |
| Model | CaseReportBench | BFCLv3 | BFCLv4 | τ²-Bench Telecom | τ²-Bench Retail | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | LFM2.5-350M | 32.45 | 44.11 | 21.86 | 18.86 | 17.84 | | LFM2-350M | 11.67 | 22.95 | 12.29 | 10.82 | 5.56 | | Granite 4.0-H-350M | 12.44 | 43.07 | 13.28 | 13.74 | 6.14 | | Granite 4.0-350M | 0.84 | 39.58 | 13.73 | 2.92 | 6.14 | | Qwen3.5-0.8B (Instruct) | 13.83 | 35.08 | 18.70 | 12.57 | 6.14 | | Qwen3.5-0.8B (Thinking) | 0.39 | 39.64 | 25.39 | 14.33 | 7.02 | | Gemma 3 1B IT | 2.28 | 16.61 | 7.17 | 9.36 | 6.43 |
<i>*Evaluation could not be completed due to doom looping.</i>
CPU Inference

GPU Inference

📬 Contact
- Got questions or want to connect? Join our Discord community
- If you are interested in custom solutions with edge deployment, please contact our sales team.
Citation
@article{liquidAI2026350M,
author = {Liquid AI},
title = {LFM2.5-350M: No Size Left Behind},
journal = {Liquid AI Blog},
year = {2026},
note = {www.liquid.ai/blog/lfm2-5-350m-no-size-left-behind},
}
@article{liquidai2025lfm2,
title={LFM2 Technical Report},
author={Liquid AI},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.23404},
year={2025}
}
Author: LiquidAI
Likes: 88
Downloads: 2991
Tags: transformers, safetensors, lfm2, text-generation, liquid, lfm2.5, edge, conversational, en, ar, zh, fr, de, ja, ko, es, pt, arxiv:2511.23404, base_model:LiquidAI/LFM2.5-350M-Base, base_model:finetune:LiquidAI/LFM2.5-350M-Base, license:other, endpoints_compatible, region:us




